Abstract
This review examines the transformation of inland fisheries in Urhobo land, located in the western Niger Delta, from historically productive and culturally significant systems centred on traditional fish aggregating structures (ewẹ) to a present-day dependence on imported iced marine fish (okweko). Drawing on historical accounts, cultural records, ecological observations, and relevant scientific literature, the paper synthesises evidence on the cultural and nutritional importance of fish, the diversity and productivity of traditional fisheries, and the socio-economic systems they supported. The review identifies multiple drivers of decline, including habitat degradation, occasional chemical fish poisoning, pollution from oil and industrial sources, hydrological alterations, and the erosion of intergenerational knowledge transfer. It discusses the sociocultural and economic implications of this decline, highlighting its impact on food security, cultural identity, and local resilience. Based on lessons from global experiences, the review outlines integrated strategies for recovery, including habitat rehabilitation, revitalisation of owẹ, scientifically managed stock enhancement, household-level aquaculture using borehole water, market restructuring, and improved governance frameworks. The synthesis underscores that restoration of inland fisheries in Urhobo land is achievable if pursued through coordinated actions that combine environmental management, technological innovation, and cultural preservation, thereby ensuring nutritional, economic, and cultural sustainability.
